The final is now tied up at 2-2, with all four games finishing in a tie.

Norway's Carlsen celebrated his 31st birthday today in Dubai with the white pieces, but was unable to turn that advantage into a victory.

Carlsen did try to mix things up, but Nepomniachtchi - playing under a Russian Chess Federation flag - was equal to the challenge.

"That’s the state of modern chess," Carlsen said post-match.

"Not much else to say."

The fifth game will be played tomorrow.

Carlsen is seeking to win the world title for the fifth time in succession, having held it since 2013.