Figures have also shown 2,846 tests have been conducted since January 2022, with the eight quarter-finalists squads averaging at more than four tests per player since the start of the year.

It comes from FIFA's test distribution plan that it agreed with the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

A total of 369 tests, resulting in a total of 941 samples, have been carried out so far at the FIFA World Cup too.

There are 831 players at the tournament.

FIFA were responsible for 1,433 tests directly, resulting in 3,909 samples.

Of those conducted by FIFA, 1,064 were pre-tournament.

Ivory Coast goalkeeper Sylvain Gbohouo is the most notable name to have tested positive for a banned substance during qualification, having won 65 caps for his nation since 2013.

He was unable to play in the postponed Africa Cup of Nations due to a failed test on November 16 2021, with his 18-month suspension starting on December 23 2021.

Gbohouo tested positive for trimetazidine, which improves blood flow efficiency - the same banned substance found in the sample of Russian figure skater Kamila Valieva, which erupted into a scandal at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games.

Defender Orlando Galo is the only one to represent a national team that qualified for the World Cup, having played for Costa Rica nine times since 2021.

He tested positive for clostebol during an out-of-competition control on September 21 and received a provisional suspension on October 19 - ending his hopes of playing in Qatar.

This case is still pending a full investigation.

Clostebol is regarded as a performance-enhancing drug.

Fellow Central American players Erick Rivera from El Salvador and Honduras' Wisdom Quaye were named too.

Both also tested positive for clostebol.

Rivera tested positive on September 8 2021, with his four-year suspension ending on October 5 2025, having played league matches for Santa Tecla into that October.

This effectively has ended the 33-year-old's career.

Quaye's result was flagged on February 2 2022 and will remain suspended until August 1 2023.

Sabri Ali Mohamed from Djibouti tested positive for exogenously administered testosterone, meaning he will serve a four-year ban until January 11 2026.

As part of the test distribution programme, every participating player for the World Cup was tested unannounced, either post-match or on non-matchdays.

Of those tested, 78 per cent were out-of-competition and 22 per cent were in-competition.

All samples collected during the World Cup have been tested at the WADA-accredited laboratory in Doha.

Just prior to the tournament, Saudi Arabia forward Fahad Al-Muwallad was left out of the squad as a precautionary measure over testing positive for banned substance furosemide in March.

This 18-month ban was reduced by the Saudi Sport Arbitration Centre to allow the player to compete at the World Cup, but this decision has been appealed by WADA at the Court of Arbitration for Sport.