The event will be held on January 14, 2012, a day prior to the 40th anniversary of the Houston Marathon.

The first three men and women across the line will represent the US in the marathon at London.

The women are expected to start their race first, followed by the women.

The event was chosen ahead of bids from Boston and New York.

Doug Logan, the chief executive of USA Track & Field (USATF), said:  "As we expected, all three bids were remarkable, and all three bids had qualities that made each unique.

"Ultimately, we feel that hosting the Olympic Trials at Houston will afford our athletes the best opportunity to succeed in London.

"What was most striking about Houston's bid was their ability to integrate the Olympic Trials into their weekend of racing in a way that benefitted all parties, but first and foremost, the athletes."

Houston hosted the women’s trials in 1992, which became memorable when Cathy O’Brien stopped just past the 15-mile mark to help rival Janis Klecker get to her feet after a fall.

Both women made the team: Klecker finished first and O’Brien was second, only 14 seconds behind her.

Houston will invest $1.7 million (£1.1 million) to host this year's events, including on event logistics, athlete support, travel and prize money.

The timing of the race offered by Houston also was appealing to the site selection committee, Logan said.

With the London Olympic Games being held in early August, rather than the later dates of recent Games, having the Trials far enough out to allow for proper recovery and preparation for London, yet close enough to be relevant to the Games, was a high priority.

Houston Marathon race director Brant Kotch said: "We are very proud to be chosen as the Olympic Trials host city for the one of the marquee track and field events of the Olympic Games.

"Through our involvement with the US Half Marathon Championships, we have developed a strong partnership with USATF, and we are looking forward to having the eyes of the running world focused on Houston in January 2012."