"Following the completion of sample analysis by the Salt Lake City laboratory for all urine and blood samples that were collected during the Games period, a total of 3 AAFs (Adverse Analytical Findings) were reported," the report said.

One of these findings involved a banned steroid, with the other two relating to diuretics and masking agents.

The IO team, which was only involved during the Games period from July 7 to 17, praised the "openness and willingness of the various stakeholders involved with The World Games 2022 anti-doping programme to respond to all inquiries," adding: "This IO report provides several recommendations for future editions of The World Games, but overall, the IO Team was impressed with the quality of the anti-doping programme.

"In particular, the IO Team wishes to congratulate the International Testing Agency (ITA) and the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) sample collection personnel for their ability to adapt in the face of several different Games time challenges whilst ensuring that athlete rights were protected throughout."

For future editions of the World Games, the IO team recommended that the International World Games Association (IWGA) should consider including a mandatory education component within their anti-doping rules, should expand testing to training facilities and scheduled practice times, should expand the testing of samples collected from the current level of 22 per cent and should increase the number of in-competition tests.

It was also recommended that organisers consider "whether the current allocated four per cent of samples identified for long term storage is appropriate or whether it should be increased and whether specific criteria should be identified to ensure that samples from high-risk athletes or high sports or samples from all gold medallists (as was done for these Games) are kept."

The IWGA was also urged to ensure Organising Committees were educated on the identity and storage of equipment, to ensure National Federations educated athletes about Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUEs), to improve the use of chaperones, to ensure doping collection sites are widely available and to ensure that all doping control officers collect samples of "suitable specific gravity for analysis."

WADA’s IO team for the 2022 World Games was made up of clean sport experts, including WADA staff and other anti-doping specialists.

The team was chaired by Matthew Koop, manager of intelligence and results for the Canadian Centre for Ethics in Sport.