Another key part of the CAS statement is that the Russians were unable to successfully argue, from a legal standpoint, that the way in which the IOC decided who could compete was "discriminatory, arbitrary or unfair".

"At the hearing, the applicants acknowledged that the IOC had the ability to institute such process," the CAS statement read, 

"The CAS Panel found that the applicants did not demonstrate that the manner in which the two special commissions (the Invitation Review Panel (IRP) and the Olympic Athlete from Russia Implementation Group (OAR IG) independently evaluated the Applicants was carried out in a discriminatory, arbitrary or unfair manner. 

"The Panel also concluded that there was no evidence the IRP or the OAR IG improperly exercised their discretion."