The Tribunal found Ferrari, a former supplier of cyclist Lance Armstrong, and the Taschlers guilty of doping-related crimes. 

Ferrari was determined to have provided doping assistance to Daniel.

Gottlieb, a former International Biathlon Union (IBU) vice-president, was found guilty of recommending that his son made contact with the doctor to discuss possible doping methods.

Ferrari was given 18-month suspended prison sentence and ordered to pay a fine of €4,500 (£3,800/$4,800).

He is also banned from working as a physician or trainer for 18 months.

Gottlieb received a suspended prison sentence of one-year and a fine of €4,000 (£3,400/$4,200).

The 55-year-old is also banned for life from working in any capacity for the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI), the Italian National Anti-Doping Organisation, National Federations or any other CONI-recognised organisation.

Daniel was found guilty of using illegal substances during the 2010-2011 biathlon season and given a suspended prison sentence of nine months and ordered to pay a fine of €3,600 (£3,000/$3,800).

He was banned by the IBU for two years in June 2016.

"The World Anti-Doping Agency is satisfied with the decision taken on April 3 by the Criminal Section of the Tribunal of Bolzano, Italy, to hand down criminal sanctions to three individuals implicated in doping-related crimes in the sport of biathlon," a statement from WADA said.

"WADA notes that appeal proceedings are underway; and, as such, will make no further comments at this time."

A member of the Italian B-squad when the inquiry surfaced, it is claimed that Ferrari helped Taschler take micro-doses of banned product erythropoietin in 2010 and 2011.

The IBU extended a suspension on its former vice-president until June 12 2018 in December.

Taschler had been accused of arranging a meeting between his son Daniel, a member of the Italian biathlon team, and disgraced doctor Ferrari in order to acquire performance enhancing drugs.

Details of the case emerged in 2014 following investigations by prosecutors in Padua and Bolzano.

Gottlieb, a former biathlete and winner an Olympic bronze medal in the 4x7.5 kilometres at Calgary 1988, denies the allegations, but announced in December 2014 that he stepping down from his IBU post temporarily until the inquiry was completed.

All three individuals were ordered to pay WADA €15,000 (£12,800/$16,000) for moral damages and a further €9,500 (£8,100/$10,100) for legal expenses.

insidethegames has contacted the IBU for comment.