Today's decision seemingly bars any Russian-based athlete from competing at the Games, with a rule change allowing only those operating under an "strong anti-doping system" to apply.

This has been interpreted as meaning they must be based outside Russia.

Russian President Vladimir Putin has condemned the "unfair" decision, Sputnik have reported.

Putin expressed his hope that a compromise could be found, and also vowed a "decisive fight" against doping in Russia.

Isinbayeva, a three-time world champion who has never been implicated in a doping scandal, has also strongly opposed the decision.

"This is a violation of [my] human rights," she told the TASS news agency.

"I won’t keep silent.

"I’ll turn to a human rights court, I’ll prove to the IAAF and the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) that they have made a wrong decision.

"I’ll do this demonstratively so that it is understood that Russia won’t stay silent."

The 34-year-old was born in Volgograd and has is thought to have been based there permanently for the last year, although she does also have a residence in Monte Carlo.

Any successful appeal to a human rights court would effectively bypass the authority of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), considered the Supreme Court for all sporting matters.

But the comments of the CAS head and IOC vice-president John Coates today that there is a "rotten culture" in Russian anti-doping suggests their chances are minimal.

The IAAF rule change theoretically allowing some Russians to compete has also been interpreted as a way to bolster their legal case against other challenges.

Isinbayeva  had also intended to stand for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) Athletes' Commission during Rio 2016, something she would be seemingly be unable to do if she was not present.

"I will certainly go to the Russian championships in Cheboksary [on June 20 to 23]," she added.

"In all likelihood Cheboksary will be the last big event in my career."

Criticism has also been voiced by both the Russian Ministry of Sport and Russian Olympic Committee (ROC).

RUSADA tweeted this evening: "Somebody tell John Coates RUSADA is not 'rotten to the core'. Thank you, and have a nice weekend".

“We are extremely disappointed by the IAAF’s decision to uphold the ban on all of our track and field athletes, creating the unprecedented situation of a whole nation’s track and field athletes being banned from the Olympics," said the Sports Ministry.

"Clean athletes’ dreams are being destroyed because of the reprehensible behaviour of other athletes and officials.

"They have sacrificed years of their lives striving to compete at the Olympics and now that sacrifice looks likely to be wasted."

They have done "everything possible" since the ban was first imposed to regain the trust of the international community, it is claimed, before an appeal to the IOC to "not only consider the impact that our athletes’ exclusion will have on their dreams and the people of Russia, but also that the Olympics themselves will be diminished by their absence".

ROC President Alexander Zhukov added: "The decision by the IAAF Council is unfair to the many athletes who have doped.

"Clean athletes can not be punished for the misdeeds of others, and responsibility must be on an individual basis. this is our firm position."

Zhukov, an IOC member, is expected to participate in the Olympic Stakeholders Summit in Lausanne on Tuesday (June 21) at which further discussions will take place.

A compromise will be sought between "collective responsibility and individual justice".

The meeting will be chaired by IOC President Thomas Bach, with Coe also set to attend.

“The IOC has taken note of the decision of the IAAF Council," said the body in a statement.

"The IOC Executive Board will discuss the appropriate next steps in a telephone conference tomorrow.”

Stronger support has been given by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).

“WADA fully supports the IAAF Council’s decision to uphold its Task Force’s recommendation to maintain Russian suspension,” said the body's President Sir Craig Reedie, another IOC vice-president who should also attend the meeting in Lausanne.

“The Agency applauds the outcome and the process that the IAAF Council followed by appointing an independent Task Force to evaluate ARAF’s compliance."

Other National Federations have echoed this endorsement.

"Today’s ruling is a step in the right direction," said the United States Olympic Committee (USOC).

"It gives a measure of hope to clean athletes that there are consequences not only for athletes who dope, but for countries which do not engage seriously in the fight against doping.

"That is a much needed message."

The German Olympic Sports Confederation added: "This is a first major step in the right direction, towards the need to further follow in order to strengthen the international opportunities and ensure that the rights of clean athletes are protected."